虚拟ARM开发平台编译与安装

1. 工具 (Tools)

[1] Host linux version: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Linux 3.2.0-29-generic-pae)

[2] Target linux kernel: linux-2.6.32.61.tar.xz

[3] QEMU: QEMU emulator version 1.0.50 (Debian 1.0.50-2012.03-0ubuntu2), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard

[4] Linux cross compiler: arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2013.05-24) 4.7.3 (Site: http://www.mentor.com/embedded-software/codesourcery)

[5] Mac OS 10.9 (Site: http://www.carlson-minot.com/available-arm-eabi-g-lite-builds-for-mac-os-x)

[6] U-boot: u-boot-2013.04.tar.bz2

[7] Busybox: busybox-1.21.0.tar.bz2

[8] Genext2fs: genext2fs-1.4.1.tar.gz

2. 工具的安装 (Tools install)

2.1. 默认的环境设置 (Default enviroument setup)

1export ARCH=arm
2export CORSS_COMPILE=” arm-none-linux-gnueabi-”

You can make the shell script like below

1#!/bin/bash
2
3export PATH=/usr/CodeSourcery/Sourcery_CodeBench_Lite_for_ARM_GNU_Linux/bin/:/usr/u-boot-2013.04/tools/:$PATH
4export ARCH=arm
5export CROSS_COMPILE=" arm-none-linux-gnueabi-"

2.2. 安装QEMU (QEMU install)

下载 (Download) http://wiki.qemu.org/Download

1wget xxxxx_location/qemu-x.x.x.tar.bz2
2tar -xvf qemu-x.x.x.tar.bz2
3cd  qemu-x.x.x
4chmod 777 /opt (if u want install the qemu to /opt/qemu, u will need this operation)
5./configure --prefix=/opt/qemu --target-list=arm-softmmu,arm-linux-user –enable-debug
6make -s
7make install -s

2.3. 安装交叉编译工具 (arm-none-linux-gnueabi [CROSS_COMPILER])

下载 (Download) http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/arm/portal/subscription?@template=lite

1wget arm-2013.05-24-arm-none-linux-gnueabi.bin
2chmod +x arm-2013.05-24-arm-none-linux-gnueabi.bin
3./arm-2013.05-24-arm-none-linux-gnueabi.bin
4graphic setting & install

2.4. 安装U-Boot (U-Boot install)

下载 (Download)  ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/

1wget u-boot-2013.04.tar.bz2
2tar -xvf u-boot-2013.04.tar.bz2
3cd u-boot-2013.04
4make versatilepb_config
5make

3. 操作步骤 (Steps)

3.1. 编译内核 (Compile kernel)

1export ARCH=arm
2export CORSS_COMPILE=” arm-none-linux-gnueabi-”
3tar -xvf linux-2.6.32.61.tar.xz
4make versatile_defconfig
5make menuconfig

choose “Kernel Features → Use the ARM EABI to compile the kernel”

choose “Kernel Features → Allow old ABI binaries to run with this kernel (EXPERIMENTAL)

choose “File Systems → Second extended fs support”

choose “General setup → Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) supporte ”

choose “Device Drivers → Block Devices → Default RAM disk size (kbytes) = 4096”

1make -s (if use u-boot, make uImage -s)

3.2. 创建初始化内存磁盘 (Create RAM disk)

设置环境变量 (Setup enviroument var)

1export ARCH=arm
2export CORSS_COMPILE=” arm-none-linux-gnueabi-”

创建根文件系统 (Create root file system)

1#GOTO workspace_folder (any where)
2mkdir rootfs
3cd rootfs
4mkdir bin dev etc lib proc sbin sys usr mnt tmp var
5mkdir usr/bin usr/lib usr/sbin lib/modules
6mknod -m 666 dev/console c 5 1
7mknod -m 666 dev/null c 1 3
8ln -s dev/null dev/tty2

编译内核以及模块并安装到根文件系统中 (Compile kernel/moudles and install it to root file system)

1#GOTO kernel folder
2make modules
3make modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=workspace_folder/rootfs

编译并安装Busybox (Compile & install busybox)

1#GOTO BusyBox source folder (example: /usr/busybox-1.21.0)
2make defconfig
3make menuconfig

choose “Busybox Settings → Build Options → Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs) ”

choose “Busybox Settings → Build Options → Cross Compiler prefix = arm-none-linux-gnueabi-” (optional)

choose “Busybox Settings → General Configuration → Don’t use /usr”

choose “Busybox Settings → Installation Options → BusyBox installation prefix =workspace_folder/rootfs”

1make
2make install

从Busybox复制最小设备文件 (Copy minimal etc files from busybox)

1cp –a busibox_source/examples/bootfloppy/etc/* workspace_folder/rootfs/etc

使用genext2fs将根文件系统打包为ext2格式 (use genext2fs package rootfs to ext2 file)

1#GOTO workspace_folder
2genext2fs -b 4096 -d rootfs ramdisk

3.3. 启动仿真程序 (Startup emulator)

1#GOTO linux_kernel_folder
2qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage -initrd /home/axl/ramdisk -append "root=/dev/ram init=/linuxrc"